From a cognitive psychology perspective, information enters the eyes in one direction (sensory input, or the "bottom"), and is then turned into an image by the brain that can be interpreted and recognized as a perception (output that is "built up" from processing to final cognition). Bottom-up processing is a type of information processing based on incoming data from the environment to form a perception. Ī bottom-up approach is the piecing together of systems to give rise to more complex systems, thus making the original systems sub-systems of the emergent system. Top down approach starts with the big picture, then breaks down from there into smaller segments. However, black boxes may fail to clarify elementary mechanisms or be detailed enough to realistically validate the model. A top-down model is often specified with the assistance of "black boxes", which makes it easier to manipulate. Each subsystem is then refined in yet greater detail, sometimes in many additional subsystem levels, until the entire specification is reduced to base elements. In a top-down approach an overview of the system is formulated, specifying, but not detailing, any first-level subsystems. In practice, they can be seen as a style of thinking, teaching, or leadership.Ī top-down approach (also known as stepwise design and stepwise refinement and in some cases used as a synonym of decomposition) is essentially the breaking down of a system to gain insight into its compositional sub-systems in a reverse engineering fashion. Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards.
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